Rabid Free gostream HD no registration directed by Jen Soska

12 de febrero de 2020 - 17:36

9.1 out of 10 stars - 863 votes

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Server #1

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score 1567 vote
description The quiet Rose works in women's fashion clothing, hoping to be a designer. A traffic accident damages her face. She gets experimental stem cell treatment, leaving her stronger and prettier than ever - but there's a side effect
Ratings 5,9 of 10 stars
actor Hanneke Talbot
genre Sci-Fi
Countries Canada

Look amazing. If he's trying to break door that's mean +bites zombie 100.

Bites door with malicious intent

Wscieklosc freedom. Wscieklosc free web. Wscieklosc free download.

On January 31, 2019, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a Federal Register Notice (FRN) titled, “ Guidance Regarding Agency Interpretation of “Rabies-Free” under 42 CFR 71. 51(c) 1) i. ” Through this guidance, CDC is clarifying that it now interprets “rabies-free” in the context of its dog importation regulations to mean “canine rabies virus variant (CRVV) free. ” CRVV is the type of rabies typically transmitted from dog-to-dog. This clarification of “rabies-free” definition allows federal agencies to better focus their resources on preventing the reintroduction of CRVV from countries that pose the greatest risk, while continuing to protect public health. The FRN is available on the Office of the Federal Registers website external icon. This guidance also describes the criteria CDC uses in determining whether a country qualifies as CRVV-free. Specifically, CDC identifies countries as CRVV-free, CRVV low-risk, or CRVV high-risk. CRVV-free means that CDC has assessed the country as not having CRVV present, based on internationally accepted standards. Low-risk means the country is at low risk for CRVV transmission, meaning the virus is limited to a localized area, surveillance and dog vaccination programs are adequate, and the virus is in a controlled status with the country heading toward eventual CRVV-free status. High-risk means the country is at high risk for CRVV transmission as demonstrated by the presence and geographic distribution of the virus and by low quality of or low confidence in the countrys surveillance systems and its dog vaccination programs. Once effective, individuals importing a dog from CRVV-free or low-risk countries will not need a rabies vaccination certificate for the dog to be admitted into the United States, although they will still be subject to the requirements set forth in 42 CFR 71. 51. Owners and importers importing a dog from a high-risk country will be required to have a valid rabies vaccination certificate. The Federal Register Notice informs dog owners and importers where they can locate up-to-date information on a countrys canine rabies status to facilitate a dogs entry or re-entry into the United States. Importers should continue to check state and local government rabies vaccination requirements of the final destination prior to entry or re-entry into the United States. Please see the docket details external icon for more information or view as a PDF file pdf icon [PDF – 7 pages] external icon. For questions about this notice or CDCs import regulations, contact CDCs Importation and Animal Contact Team at.

8:15 THEODDS1OUT. That is one of the creepiest things i ever saw. Thanks for showing us the pesky Sheriff gets killed. Dude one was on my porch yesterday night doing the exact same thing then he hobbled away. Rabies A dog with rabies in the paralytic (post-furious) stage Specialty Infectious disease Symptoms Fever, fear of water, confusion, excessive salivation, hallucinations, trouble sleeping, paralysis, coma [1] 2] Causes Rabies virus, Australian bat lyssavirus [3] Prevention Rabies vaccine, animal control, rabies immunoglobulin [1] Prognosis Nearly always death [1] Deaths 17, 400 (2015) 4] Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. [1] Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. [1] These symptoms are followed by one or more of the following symptoms: violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. [1] Once symptoms appear, the result is nearly always death. [1] The time period between contracting the disease and the start of symptoms is usually one to three months, but can vary from less than one week to more than one year. [1] The time depends on the distance the virus must travel along peripheral nerves to reach the central nervous system. [5] Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses, including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. [3] It is spread when an infected animal bites or scratches a human or other animal. [1] Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose. [1] Globally, dogs are the most common animal involved. [1] In countries where dogs commonly have the disease, more than 99% of rabies cases are the direct result of dog bites. [6] In the Americas, bat bites are the most common source of rabies infections in humans, and less than 5% of cases are from dogs. [1] 6] Rodents are very rarely infected with rabies. [6] The disease can be diagnosed only after the start of symptoms. [1] Animal control and vaccination programs have decreased the risk of rabies from dogs in a number of regions of the world. [1] Immunizing people before they are exposed is recommended for those at high risk, including those who work with bats or who spend prolonged periods in areas of the world where rabies is common. [1] In people who have been exposed to rabies, the rabies vaccine and sometimes rabies immunoglobulin are effective in preventing the disease if the person receives the treatment before the start of rabies symptoms. [1] Washing bites and scratches for 15 minutes with soap and water, povidone-iodine, or detergent may reduce the number of viral particles and may be somewhat effective at preventing transmission. [1] 7] As of 2016, only fourteen people had survived a rabies infection after showing symptoms. [8] 9] 10] Rabies caused about 17, 400 human deaths worldwide in 2015. [4] More than 95% of human deaths from rabies occur in Africa and Asia. [1] About 40% of deaths occur in children under the age of 15. [11] Rabies is present in more than 150 countries and on all continents but Antarctica. [1] More than 3 billion people live in regions of the world where rabies occurs. [1] A number of countries, including Australia and Japan, as well as much of Western Europe, do not have rabies among dogs. [12] 13] Many Pacific islands do not have rabies at all. [13] It is classified as a neglected tropical disease. [14] Signs and symptoms The period between infection and the first symptoms (incubation period) is typically 1–3 months in humans. [15] This period may be as short as four days or longer than six years, depending on the location and severity of the wound and the amount of virus introduced. [15] Initial symptoms of rabies are often nonspecific such as fever and headache. [15] As rabies progresses and causes inflammation of the brain and meninges, symptoms can include slight or partial paralysis, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, agitation, abnormal behavior, paranoia, terror, and hallucinations. [5] 15] The person may also have fear of water. [1] The symptoms eventually progress to delirium, and coma. [5] 15] Death usually occurs 2 to 10 days after first symptoms. Survival is almost unknown once symptoms have presented, even with intensive care. [15] 16] Fear of water Hydrophobia ( fear of water" is the historic name for rabies. [17] It refers to a set of symptoms in the later stages of an infection in which the person has difficulty swallowing, shows panic when presented with liquids to drink, and cannot quench their thirst. Any mammal infected with the virus may demonstrate hydrophobia. [18] Saliva production is greatly increased, and attempts to drink, or even the intention or suggestion of drinking, may cause excruciatingly painful spasms of the muscles in the throat and larynx. This can be attributed to the fact that the virus multiplies and assimilates in the salivary glands of the infected animal with the effect of further transmission through biting. The ability to transmit the virus would decrease significantly if the infected individual could swallow saliva and water. [19] Hydrophobia is commonly associated with furious rabies, which affects 80% of rabies-infected people. The remaining 20% may experience a paralytic form of rabies that is marked by muscle weakness, loss of sensation, and paralysis; this form of rabies does not usually cause fear of water. [18] Cause Drawing of the rabies virus. Rabies is caused by a number of lyssaviruses including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. [3] Duvenhage lyssavirus may cause a rabies-like infection. [20] The rabies virus is the type species of the Lyssavirus genus, in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Lyssavirions have helical symmetry, with a length of about 180 nm and a cross-section of about 75 nm. [21] These virions are enveloped and have a single-stranded RNA genome with negative sense. The genetic information is packed as a ribonucleoprotein complex in which RNA is tightly bound by the viral nucleoprotein. The RNA genome of the virus encodes five genes whose order is highly conserved: nucleoprotein (N) phosphoprotein (P) matrix protein (M) glycoprotein (G) and the viral RNA polymerase (L. 22] Once within a muscle or nerve cell, the virus undergoes replication. The trimeric spikes on the exterior of the membrane of the virus interact with a specific cell receptor, the most likely one being the acetylcholine receptor. The cellular membrane pinches in a procession known as pinocytosis and allows entry of the virus into the cell by way of an endosome. The virus then uses the acidic environment, which is necessary, of that endosome and binds to its membrane simultaneously, releasing its five proteins and single strand RNA into the cytoplasm. [23] The L protein then transcribes five mRNA strands and a positive strand of RNA all from the original negative strand RNA using free nucleotides in the cytoplasm. These five mRNA strands are then translated into their corresponding proteins (P, L, N, G and M proteins) at free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Some proteins require post-translative modifications. For example, the G protein travels through the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where it undergoes further folding, and is then transported to the Golgi apparatus, where a sugar group is added to it ( glycosylation. 23] When there are enough viral proteins, the viral polymerase will begin to synthesize new negative strands of RNA from the template of the positive strand RNA. These negative strands will then form complexes with the N, P, L and M proteins and then travel to the inner membrane of the cell, where a G protein has embedded itself in the membrane. The G protein then coils around the N-P-L-M complex of proteins taking some of the host cell membrane with it, which will form the new outer envelope of the virus particle. The virus then buds from the cell. [23] From the point of entry, the virus is neurotropic, traveling along the neural pathways into the central nervous system. The virus usually first infects muscle cells close to the site of infection, where they are able to replicate without being 'noticed' by the host's immune system. Once enough virus has been replicated, they begin to bind to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. [24] The virus then travels through the nerve cell axon via retrograde transport, as its P protein interacts with dynein, a protein present in the cytoplasm of nerve cells. Once the virus reaches the cell body it travels rapidly to the central nervous system (CNS) replicating in motor neurons and eventually reaching the brain. [5] After the brain is infected, the virus travels centrifugally to the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, eventually migrating to the salivary glands, where it is ready to be transmitted to the next host. [25] 317 Transmission All warm-blooded species, including humans, may become infected with the rabies virus and develop symptoms. Birds were first artificially infected with rabies in 1884; however, infected birds are largely, if not wholly, asymptomatic, and recover. [26] Other bird species have been known to develop rabies antibodies, a sign of infection, after feeding on rabies-infected mammals. [27] 28] The virus has also adapted to grow in cells of cold-blooded vertebrates. [29] 30] Most animals can be infected by the virus and can transmit the disease to humans. Infected bats, 31] 32] monkeys, raccoons, foxes, skunks, cattle, wolves, coyotes, dogs, cats, and mongooses (normally either the small Asian mongoose or the yellow mongoose) 33] present the greatest risk to humans. Rabies may also spread through exposure to infected bears, domestic farm animals, groundhogs, weasels, and other wild carnivorans. However, lagomorphs, such as hares and rabbits, and small rodents such as chipmunks, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, rats, and squirrels, are almost never found to be infected with rabies and are not known to transmit rabies to humans. [34] Bites from mice, rats, or squirrels rarely require rabies prevention because these rodents are typically killed by any encounter with a larger, rabid animal, and would, therefore, not be carriers. [35] The Virginia opossum is resistant but not immune to rabies. [36] The virus is usually present in the nerves and saliva of a symptomatic rabid animal. [37] 38] The route of infection is usually, but not always, by a bite. In many cases, the infected animal is exceptionally aggressive, may attack without provocation, and exhibits otherwise uncharacteristic behavior. [39] This is an example of a viral pathogen modifying the behavior of its host to facilitate its transmission to other hosts. Transmission between humans is extremely rare. A few cases have been recorded through transplant surgery. [40] The only well-documented cases of rabies caused by human-to-human transmission occurred among eight recipients of transplanted corneas and among three recipients of solid organs. [41] In addition to transmission from cornea and organ transplants, bite and non-bite exposures inflicted by infected humans could theoretically transmit rabies, but no such cases have been documented, since infected humans are usually hospitalized and necessary precautions taken. Casual contact, such as touching a person with rabies or contact with non-infectious fluid or tissue (urine, blood, feces) does not constitute an exposure and does not require post-exposure prophylaxis. Additionally, as the virus is present in sperm or vaginal secretions, spread through sex may be possible. [42] After a typical human infection by bite, the virus enters the peripheral nervous system. It then travels along the afferent nerves toward the central nervous system. [43] During this phase, the virus cannot be easily detected within the host, and vaccination may still confer cell-mediated immunity to prevent symptomatic rabies. When the virus reaches the brain, it rapidly causes encephalitis, the prodromal phase, which is the beginning of the symptoms. Once the patient becomes symptomatic, treatment is almost never effective and mortality is over 99. Rabies may also inflame the spinal cord, producing transverse myelitis. [44] 45] Diagnosis Rabies can be difficult to diagnose because, in the early stages, it is easily confused with other diseases or with aggressiveness. [46] The reference method for diagnosing rabies is the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) an immunohistochemistry procedure, which is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO. 47] The FAT relies on the ability of a detector molecule (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) coupled with a rabies-specific antibody, forming a conjugate, to bind to and allow the visualisation of rabies antigen using fluorescent microscopy techniques. Microscopic analysis of samples is the only direct method that allows for the identification of rabies virus-specific antigen in a short time and at a reduced cost, irrespective of geographical origin and status of the host. It has to be regarded as the first step in diagnostic procedures for all laboratories. Autolysed samples can, however, reduce the sensitivity and specificity of the FAT. [48] The RT PCR assays proved to be a sensitive and specific tool for routine diagnostic purposes, 49] particularly in decomposed samples [50] or archival specimens. [51] The diagnosis can be reliably made from brain samples taken after death. The diagnosis can also be made from saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid samples, but this is not as sensitive or reliable as brain samples. [48] Cerebral inclusion bodies called Negri bodies are 100% diagnostic for rabies infection but are found in only about 80% of cases. [21] If possible, the animal from which the bite was received should also be examined for rabies. [52] Some light microscopy techniques may also be used to diagnose rabies at a tenth of the cost of traditional fluorescence microscopy techniques, allowing identification of the disease in less-developed countries. [53] A test for rabies, known as LN34, is easier to run on a dead animal's brain and might help determine who does and does not need post-exposure prevention. [54] The test was developed by the CDC in 2018. [54] Differential diagnosis The differential diagnosis in a case of suspected human rabies may initially include any cause of encephalitis, in particular infection with viruses such as herpesviruses, enteroviruses, and arboviruses such as West Nile virus. The most important viruses to rule out are herpes simplex virus type one, varicella zoster virus, and (less commonly) enteroviruses, including coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, polioviruses, and human enteroviruses 68 to 71. [55] New causes of viral encephalitis are also possible, as was evidenced by the 1999 outbreak in Malaysia of 300 cases of encephalitis with a mortality rate of 40% caused by Nipah virus, a newly recognized paramyxovirus. [56] Likewise, well-known viruses may be introduced into new locales, as is illustrated by the outbreak of encephalitis due to West Nile virus in the eastern United States. [57] Epidemiologic factors, such as season, geographic location, and the patient's age, travel history, and possible exposure to bites, rodents, and ticks, may help direct the diagnosis. Prevention Almost all human cases of rabies were fatal until a vaccine was developed in 1885 by Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux. Their original vaccine was harvested from infected rabbits, from which the virus in the nerve tissue was weakened by allowing it to dry for five to ten days. [58] Similar nerve tissue-derived vaccines are still used in some countries, as they are much cheaper than modern cell culture vaccines. [59] The human diploid cell rabies vaccine was started in 1967. Less expensive purified chicken embryo cell vaccine and purified vero cell rabies vaccine are now available. [52] A recombinant vaccine called V-RG has been used in Belgium, France, Germany, and the United States to prevent outbreaks of rabies in undomesticated animals. [60] Immunization before exposure has been used in both human and nonhuman populations, where, as in many jurisdictions, domesticated animals are required to be vaccinated. [61] The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services Communicable Disease Surveillance 2007 Annual Report states the following can help reduce the risk of contracting rabies: 62] Vaccinating dogs, cats, and ferrets against rabies Keeping pets under supervision Not handling wild animals or strays Contacting an animal control officer upon observing a wild animal or a stray, especially if the animal is acting strangely If bitten by an animal, washing the wound with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes and contacting a healthcare provider to determine if post-exposure prophylaxis is required 28 September is World Rabies Day, which promotes the information, prevention, and elimination of the disease. [63] Vaccinating other animals In Asia and in parts of the Americas and Africa, dogs remain the principal host. Mandatory vaccination of animals is less effective in rural areas. Especially in developing countries, pets may not be privately kept and their destruction may be unacceptable. Oral vaccines can be safely distributed in baits, a practice that has successfully reduced rabies in rural areas of Canada, France, and the United States. In Montreal, Quebec, Canada, baits are successfully used on raccoons in the Mount-Royal Park area. Vaccination campaigns may be expensive, and cost-benefit analysis suggests baits may be a cost-effective method of control. [64] In Ontario, a dramatic drop in rabies was recorded when an aerial bait-vaccination campaign was launched. [65] The number of recorded human deaths from rabies in the United States has dropped from 100 or more annually in the early 20th century to one or two per year due to widespread vaccination of domestic dogs and cats and the development of human vaccines and immunoglobulin treatments. Most deaths now result from bat bites, which may go unnoticed by the victim and hence untreated. [66] Treatment After exposure Treatment after exposure can prevent the disease if given within 10 days. The rabies vaccine is 100% effective if given early, and still has a chance of success if delivery is delayed. [21] 23] 67] Every year, more than 15 million people get vaccination after potential exposure. While this works well, the cost is significant. [68] In the US it is recommended people receive one dose of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) and four doses of rabies vaccine over a 14-day period. [69] HRIG is expensive and makes up most of the cost of post exposure treatment, ranging as high as several thousand dollars. [70] As much as possible of this dose should be injected around the bites, with the remainder being given by deep intramuscular injection at a site distant from the vaccination site. [23] People who have previously been vaccinated against rabies do not need to receive the immunoglobulin, only the postexposure vaccinations on days 0 and 3. [71] The side effects of modern cell-based vaccines are similar to flu shots. The old nerve-tissue-based vaccinations required multiple injections into the abdomen with a large needle but is inexpensive. [52] It is being phased out and replaced by affordable World Health Organization intradermal-vaccination regimens. [52] Intramuscular vaccination should be given into the deltoid, not the gluteal area, which has been associated with vaccination failure due to injection into fat rather than muscle. In children less than a year old, the lateral thigh is recommended. [72] Thoroughly washing the wound as soon as possible with soap and water for approximately five minutes is effective in reducing the number of viral particles. [73] Povidone-iodine or alcohol is then recommended to reduce the virus further. [74] Awakening to find a bat in the room, or finding a bat in the room of a previously unattended child or mentally disabled or intoxicated person, is an indication for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP. The recommendation for the precautionary use of PEP in bat encounters where no contact is recognized has been questioned in the medical literature, based on a cost–benefit analysis. [75] However, a 2002 study has supported the protocol of precautionary administering of PEP where a child or mentally compromised individual has been alone with a bat, especially in sleep areas, where a bite or exposure may occur with the victim being unaware. [76] After onset A treatment known as the Milwaukee protocol, which involves putting a person into a chemically induced coma and using antiviral medications, has been proposed but subsequently found not to be useful. [77] It initially came into use in 2003, following Jeanna Giese, a teenager from Wisconsin, becoming the first person known to have survived rabies without preventive treatments before symptom onset. [78] 79] She, however, already had antibodies against rabies when she initially arrived at hospital. [77] While this treatment has been tried multiple times more, there have been no further cases of survival. [77] The protocol has since been assessed as an ineffective treatment with concerns related to the costs and ethics of its use. [77] 80] Prognosis Vaccination after exposure, PEP, is highly successful in preventing the disease PEP against rabies. [67] In unvaccinated humans, rabies is almost always fatal after neurological symptoms have developed. [81] Epidemiology Deaths from rabies per million persons in 2012 0 1 2–4 5–9 10–17 18–69 Map of rabies-free countries and territories In 2010, an estimated 26, 000 people died from rabies, down from 54, 000 in 1990. [82] The majority of the deaths occurred in Asia and Africa. [81] As of 2015, India, followed by China (approximately 6, 000) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (5, 600) had the most cases. [83] A 2015 collaboration between the World Health Organization, World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO) and Global Alliance for Rabies Control has a goal of eliminating deaths from rabies by 2030. [84] India India has the highest rate of human rabies in the world, primarily because of stray dogs, 85] whose number has greatly increased since a 2001 law forbade the killing of dogs. [86] Effective control and treatment of rabies in India is hindered by a form of mass hysteria known as puppy pregnancy syndrome (PPS. Dog bite victims with PPS, male as well as female, become convinced that puppies are growing inside them, and often seek help from faith healers rather than medical services. [87] An estimated 20, 000 people die every year from rabies in India, more than a third of the global total. [86] Australia The rabies virus survives in widespread, varied, rural animal reservoirs. Despite Australia's official rabies-free status, 88] Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) discovered in 1996, is a strain of rabies prevalent in native bat populations. There have been three human cases of ABLV in Australia, all of them fatal. United States Rabies cases in humans and domestic animals — United States, 1938–2018 From 1960 to 2018, a total of 125 human rabies cases were reported in the United States; 36 (28% were attributed to dog bites during international travel. [89] Among the 89 infections acquired in the United States, 62 (70% were attributed to bats. [89] While canine-specific rabies does not circulate among dogs, about a hundred dogs become infected from other wildlife per year in the US. [90] 91] Rabies is common among wild animals in the United States. Bats, raccoons, skunks and foxes account for almost all reported cases (98% in 2009. Rabid bats are found in all 48 contiguous states. Other reservoirs are more limited geographically; for example, the raccoon rabies virus variant is only found in a relatively narrow band along the East Coast. Due to a high public awareness of the virus, efforts at vaccination of domestic animals and curtailment of feral populations, and availability of postexposure prophylaxis, incidence of rabies in humans is very rare. A total of 49 cases of the disease was reported in the country between 1995 and 2011; of these, 11 are thought to have been acquired abroad. Almost all domestically acquired cases are attributed to bat bites. [92] Europe Either no or very few cases of rabies are reported each year in Europe; cases are contracted both during travel and in Europe. [93] In Switzerland the disease was virtually eliminated after scientists placed chicken heads laced with live attenuated vaccine in the Swiss Alps. [65] The foxes of Switzerland, proven to be the main source of rabies in the country, ate the chicken heads and immunized themselves. [65] 94] Italy, after being declared rabies-free from 1997 to 2008, has witnessed a reemergence of the disease in wild animals in the Triveneto regions ( Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia) due to the spreading of an epidemic in the Balkans that also affected Austria. An extensive wild animal vaccination campaign eliminated the virus from Italy again, and it regained the rabies-free country status in 2013, the last reported case of rabies being reported in a red fox in early 2011. [95] 96] Great Britain has been free of rabies since the beginning of the twentieth century except for a rabies-like virus in a few Daubenton's bats; there has been one, fatal, case of transmission to a human. There have been four deaths from rabies, transmitted abroad by dog bite, since 2000. The last infection in the UK occurred in 1922, and the last death from indigenous rabies was in 1902. [97] 98] Unlike the other countries of Europe it is protected by being an island, and by strict quarantine procedures. Mexico Mexico was certified by the World Health Organization as free of dog-transmitted rabies in 2019, since no case of dog-human transmission has been recorded in two years. [99] History Rabies has been known since around 2000 BC. [100] The first written record of rabies is in the Mesopotamian Codex of Eshnunna (circa 1930 BC) which dictates that the owner of a dog showing symptoms of rabies should take preventive measure against bites. If another person were bitten by a rabid dog and later died, the owner was heavily fined. [101] Ineffective folk remedies abounded in the medical literature of the ancient world. The physician Scribonius Largus prescribed a poultice of cloth and hyena skin; Antaeus recommended a preparation made from the skull of a hanged man. [102] Rabies appears to have originated in the Old World, the first epizootic in the New World occurring in Boston in 1768. [103] It spread from there, over the next few years, to various other states, as well as to the French West Indies, eventually becoming common all across North America. Rabies was considered a scourge for its prevalence in the 19th century. In France and Belgium, where Saint Hubert was venerated, the " St Hubert's Key " was heated and applied to cauterize the wound. By an application of magical thinking, dogs were branded with the key in hopes of protecting them from rabies. The fear of rabies was almost irrational, due to the number of vectors (mostly rabid dogs) and the absence of any efficacious treatment. It was not uncommon for a person bitten by a dog merely suspected of being rabid to commit suicide or to be killed by others. [104] In ancient times the attachment of the tongue (the lingual frenulum, a mucous membrane) was cut and removed as this was where rabies was thought to originate. This practice ceased with the discovery of the actual cause of rabies. [25] Louis Pasteur's 1885 nerve tissue vaccine was successful, and was progressively improved to reduce often severe side-effects. [15] In modern times, the fear of rabies has not diminished, and the disease and its symptoms, particularly agitation, have served as an inspiration for several works of zombie or similarly-themed fiction, often portraying rabies as having mutated into a stronger virus which fills humans with murderous rage or incurable illness, bringing about a devastating, widespread pandemic. [105] Etymology The term is derived from the Latin rabies, madness. 106] This, in turn, may be related to the Sanskrit rabhas, to rage. 107] The Greeks derived the word lyssa, from lud or "violent" this root is used in the genus name of the rabies virus, Lyssavirus. [104] Other animals Rabies is infectious to mammals; three stages of central nervous system infection are recognized. The first stage is a one- to three-day period characterized by behavioral changes and is known as the prodromal stage. The second is the excitative stage, which lasts three to four days. This stage is often known as "furious rabies" for the tendency of the affected animal to be hyper-reactive to external stimuli and bite at anything near. The third is the paralytic stage and is caused by damage to motor neurons. Incoordination is seen, owing to rear limb paralysis, and drooling and difficulty swallowing is caused by paralysis of facial and throat muscles. Death is usually caused by respiratory arrest. [108] Research The outer shell of the rabies virus, stripped of its RNA contents and thus unable to cause disease, may be used as a vector for the delivery of unrelated genetic material in a research setting. It has the advantage over other pseudotyping methods for gene delivery that the cell targeting ( tissue tropism) is more specific for the central nervous system, a difficult-to-reach site, obviating the need for invasive delivery methods. It is also capable of infecting neighboring "upstream" cells, moving from one cell to axons of the next at synapses, and is thus used for retrograde tracing in neuronal circuits. [109] Evidence indicates artificially increasing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier, which normally does not allow most immune cells across, promotes viral clearance. [110] 111] See also Global Alliance for Rabies Control Rabies in Haiti Rabies in popular culture World Rabies Day References ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Rabies Fact Sheet N99. World Health Organization. July 2013. Archived from the original on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014. ^ Rabies - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 9 April 2018. ^ a b c "Rabies, Australian bat lyssavirus and other lyssaviruses. The Department of Health. December 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014. ^ a b Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. 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External links Classification D ICD - 10: A82 ICD - 9-CM: 071 MeSH: D011818 DiseasesDB: 11148 External resources MedlinePlus: 001334 eMedicine: med/1374 eerg/493 ped/1974 Patient UK: Rabies Orphanet: 770 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rabies. Look up rabies in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Rabies at Curlie "Rabies. Retrieved 12 August 2012. Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR) Rhabdoviridae OIE's Rabies Portal Aerophobia and Hydrophobia in Rabies Videos " Rabies virus. NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 11292.

Which College was this made at. To save this word, you'll need to log in. rabid. ˈra-bəd also ˈrā. 1 a: extremely violent: furious b: going to extreme lengths in expressing or pursuing a feeling, interest, or opinion rabid editorials a rabid supporter Other Words from rabid rabidity rə-ˈbi-də-tē, ra- rā. noun rabidly ˈra-bəd-lē also ˈrā. adverb rabidness noun Examples of rabid in a Sentence a politician with rabid supporters Her husband is a rabid baseball fan. Recent Examples on the Web Heinz Field is still a tough place to play, with a rabid fan base hoping the Steelers can get back into the AFC North race. — Joel A. Erickson, Indianapolis Star, Colts relish opportunity to play on road at Heinz Field despite rough history vs. Steelers. 31 Oct. 2019 The Rays are in need of a passionate, rabid fan base for the ALDS and Portland has one waiting for the @PDXDiamondProj to build this stadium. John Canzano, The Oregonian/oregonlive, oregonlive, Canzano: MLB to PDX effort builds hope that Rob Manfred will hear the playoff cheers from Portland. 4 Oct. 2019 So, what can the shows rabid fan base expect from these latest tales about the murderous and mayhem-creating Shelby clan? Clark Collis. Peaky Blinders creator says a film about the Shelby family is a 'strong possibility. 3 Oct. 2019 The rabies virus is found in an animals saliva and is transmitted to people by a bite from a rabid animal. Los Angeles Times, Live rabid bat found in Seal Beach. 10 Oct. 2019 Given the shows rabid fandom, the hypothesis is not unfounded. Liana Satenstein, Vogue, The Most Googled Fashion Trends of 2019 Are Bizarre—And Yet Make So Much Sense. 19 Dec. 2019 Our Star Wars special edition has enough to satiate even the most rabid of fans. Tyler Aquilina. The Rise of Skywalker. 9 Dec. 2019 Between the rabid fans of the sci-fi franchise and his indeterminate work on a new chapter for the space saga, thats no easy task. John Wenzel, The Know, Director Rian Johnson on juggling “Knives Out, ” following “The Last Jedi, ” and more. 1 Dec. 2019 Twilight was released in 2008 and was an instant hit, thanks in large part to the rabid fans of Stephenie Meyers highly popular books. Alexia Fernandez. Twilight Turns 11! See What Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson and the Cast Are Up to Now. 21 Nov. 2019 These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'rabid. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback. See More First Known Use of rabid 1594, in the meaning defined at sense 1a History and Etymology for rabid Latin rabidus mad, from rabere Learn More about rabid Cite this Entry “Rabid. ” Dictionary, Merriam-Webster. Accessed 2 Feb. 2020. More Definitions for rabid rabid. ˈra-bəd, ˈrā. 2: having or expressing a very extreme opinion about or interest in something a rabid fan 3: affected with rabies a rabid dog Other Words from rabid rabidly adverb rabid. ˈrab-əd also ˈrā-bəd Medical Definition of rabid: affected with rabies a rabid dog Comments on rabid What made you want to look up rabid? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible.

Wscieklosc. Wscieklosc free online. I have seen a raccoon behave similarly in the past, but it stumbled around in circles more.

Wscieklosc free. Sees thumbnail My brain: OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. Was laughing when you said it was funny how they still have enough sense not to go in the road and then to prove you didn't know what you were talking about, it proceeds to go wandering around in the road with cars honking at it. lol... hilarious. The last of us final? In a series? Oh shit this is going to be weird. Wow nice video.

Laura ❤❤❤. Rabid - Change the Rab to Turg = Better Name. Kind of sad 😞. A waitress that can afford lots of fillers with low salary and mediocre tips, that could ve a good movie. This is the calm version of the car scene in Cujo. Can somebody explain me the end ? 😅😅 I'm just wondering what happened to Maria ? 😅. Me: eh this movies seems aight 2:07 Also me: alright Im sold... I love when the boy says Are you ok it's so cute and Adorable❤❤❤❤❤❤❤. Start Preamble Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Department of Health and Human Services (HHS. Notice of agency guidance. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is publishing this guidance for dog owners and importers who seek to admit a dog without a valid rabies vaccination certificate into the United States. Under current regulations, all dogs admitted into the United States must be accompanied by a valid rabies vaccination certificate unless the dog's owner or importer submits satisfactory evidence that the dog has only been in a rabies-free country if it is less than 6 months old or has only been in a rabies-free country for the 6 months before arrival if it is older than 6 months. Through this guidance, CDC is clarifying that it interprets “rabies-free” for the purposes of dog importation to mean “canine rabies virus variant (CRVV) free. ” For all other public health purposes, CDC will continue to apply the general definition of “rabies free, ” which includes and reflects the rabies status of all terrestrial animals and not just dogs. This guidance further describes the considerations taken into account by experts in determining whether a country qualifies as CRVV-free. This notice also informs dog owners and importers on where to locate up-to-date information on a country's CRVV status to facilitate a dog's entry or re-entry into the United States. This guidance will be implemented on January 31, 2019. Start Further Info For information regarding this notice contact: Ashley A. Altenburger, J. D., Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS-H16-4, Atlanta, GA 30329. For information regarding CDC operations related to this notice contact: Kendra Stauffer, D. V. M., Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and- Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS-V-18-2, Atlanta, GA 30329. Either person may also be reached by Start Printed Page 725 telephone 404-498-1600 or email. End Further Info End Preamble I. Background and Current Operations Under section 361 of the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act. 42 U. S. C. 264) the Secretary of Health and Human Services may make and enforce such regulations as in his or her judgment are necessary to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases from foreign countries into the United States and from one State or possession into any other State or possession. Since 1956, Federal quarantine regulations (currently found at 42 CFR 71. 51) have controlled the entry of dogs into the United States ( 21 FR 9870. One of the principal goals of these regulations is to prevent the introduction and spread of rabies into the United States. While the United States continues to have bat rabies lyssavirus (rabies viruses that are enzootic to bat populations) and multiple terrestrial variants of rabies circulating in wildlife species ( e. g. fox, raccoon, skunk) it has been free of CRVV since 2007 and now focuses its efforts on preventing the reintroduction of the CRVV rabies variant. In accordance with 42 CFR 71. 51 (c) 1) i) CDC maintains a current, publicly available list of rabies-free countries to assist dog owners and importers in understanding its dog importation requirements. Under this provision, CDC also has the authority to deny entry to an inadequately immunized dog from a country that is not listed as “rabies free” or if the dog was not born in (or spent at least the last 6 months before arrival in) a country that is considered “rabies-free. ” Under such circumstances, the dog's owner or importer assumes the costs of returning the dog to its country of origin unless the owner or importer is eligible to receive a dog confinement agreement ( 79 FR 39403. Prior to today's clarification, owners or importers of dogs from countries with a low (or zero) prevalence of CRVV but which report some incidences of terrestrial or other rabies virus variants were required to provide proof of rabies vaccination for entry into the United States because such countries were not considered “rabies-free. ” 42 CFR 71. 51 defines “valid rabies vaccination certificate” for purposes of demonstrating when a dog is considered adequately immunized. Thus, as discussed in more detail in Section IV, dog owners and importers wishing to import dogs from CRVV-free or low-risk countries were potentially subject to relatively high costs and burdens related to presenting a valid rabies vaccination certificate at ports of entry compared to the extremely low risk of importing a dog with CRVV from these CRVV-free or low-risk countries. Furthermore, because having low or zero prevalence of CRVV was not sufficient for a country to be considered “rabies-free, ” rabies prevention efforts at U. borders were weakened as attention, in part, was diverted away from dogs coming from countries that pose a more significant risk of re-introducing CRVV into the United States. These policies also created public confusion concerning when an unvaccinated dog could be legally imported into the United States, as reflected by the number of public inquiries and appeals from denials of permission to import a dog. Thus, CDC has reassessed and clarified its policy to better focus on the risk of importing CRVV into the United States. Today's clarification seeks to address these issues. We have worked closely with our partners at the federal, state, and local levels to secure support and ensure a seamless transition. II. New CRVV Risk Categories Upon the publication of this guidance, CDC will shift enforcement of its United States dog importation regulations from the risk of dogs importing rabies of any variant to the risk of dogs importing CRVV into the United States. This clarification allows federal authorities to better focus their resources on preventing the reintroduction of CRVV from countries that pose the greatest risk. Specifically, CDC now identifies countries as CRVV-free, CRVV low-risk, or CRVV high-risk. For purposes of dog importation, these terms are defined as follows: CRVV-free means that CDC has assessed the country as not having CRVV present, based on internationally accepted standards. Low-risk means the country is at low risk for CRVV transmission based on the following considerations: The virus is limited to a localized area, surveillance and dog vaccination programs are adequate, and the virus is in a controlled status with the country heading toward eventual CRVV-free status. High-risk means the country is at high risk for CRVV transmission as demonstrated by the presence and geographic distribution of the virus and by low quality of or low confidence in the country's surveillance systems and its dog vaccination programs. Owners and importers importing a dog from CRVV-free or low-risk countries will not need a rabies vaccination certificate for the dog to be admitted into the United States, although they will still be subject to the requirements set forth in 42 CFR 71. 51 (c) 1. Owners and importers importing a dog from a high-risk country will be required to have a valid rabies vaccination certificate. We note that today's guidance is limited to the definition of “rabies-free” as it relates to the importation of CRVV by dogs. This guidance does not nor will not affect CDC's interpretation or application of the term “rabies free” for other public health purposes, which will continue to include and reflect the rabies status of all terrestrial animals and not just dogs. III. Provisions of This Notice Upon the publication of this guidance, under 42 CFR 71. 51, CDC will add or remove countries from its list of rabies-free countries based on the country's risk of importing CRVV into the United States. CDC rabies subject matter experts have reviewed (and continue to review) publicly available country data to estimate the risk posed of reintroducing CRVV into the United States. Data considered in this decision include peer-reviewed publications, publicly available government reports, data and recommendations from international agencies such as the World Health Organization and the World Organization for Animal Health, as well as information provided from global rabies experts. 1] CDC subject matter experts also consider the quality of rabies surveillance systems in the country, the prevalence of reported cases of rabies in humans and animals, characterization of rabies virus genomes, and efforts towards control of the disease in dogs ( i. e., dog vaccination coverage, population management, and enforcement of legal codes to curb rabies transmission in dogs. CDC intends to review relevant data on a yearly basis, revise prior risk classifications when new information becomes available, and publish its list of country rabies classifications, including CRVV-free countries, on its website at rabies/resources. In keeping with current practice, if a dog that is not adequately immunized against rabies arrives at a U. port of entry from a country that CDC considers a high-risk for CRVV transmission (See importation/ Start Printed Page 726 bringing-an-animal-into-the-united-states. the dog will be returned to its country of origin immediately under standard operating procedures at U. ports of entry. CDC also will not issue a dog confinement agreement under 42 CFR 71. 51 (c) 2) and 79 FR 39403 (July 10, 2014) for dogs imported from high-risk CRVV countries. Regardless of vaccination status or country from which imported, CDC may require confinement of dogs that do not appear to be healthy and allow the owner an opportunity to arrange for a public health assessment by a local veterinarian at the owner's expense ( 42 CFR 71. 51 (b) 1. 2. If unhealthy dogs are not adequately immunized against rabies, the dogs will be: a) Returned to their country of origin once healthy enough for travel, b) euthanized and tested for rabies, or (c) admitted if there is not a public health threat and the dogs, upon entry, were adequately immunized against rabies. In keeping with current practice, importers should continue to check with state and local government officials regarding requirements of the final destination prior to entry or re-entry into the United States; this new federal policy is not intended to invalidate or supersede such requirements. The policy and program operations described above will be implemented on January 31, 2019. IV. Economic Impact of Policy Clarification Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess the costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity. Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting flexibility. Executive Order 13771 (Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs) directs agencies to reduce regulation and control regulatory costs. The proposed clarification to HHS/CDC guidance described in the preamble is not a regulatory change, but is expected to affect costs for dog importers/owners, airlines, Department of Homeland Security/Customs and Border Protection (DHS/CBP) Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS/CDC) and state and local public health departments (PHDs. As noted above, owners and importers importing a dog will still be subject to the requirements set forth in 42 CFR 71. 51. However, owners and importers importing dogs from CRVV-free or low-risk countries will no longer need a valid rabies vaccination certificate for the dogs to be admitted into the United States because in this new guidance CDC is revising how it interprets rabies-free for purposes of applying 42 CFR 71. 51 (c) 1) i. In the economic analysis, HHS/CDC compares the costs set forth in this notice (“new guidance”) to the costs under the guidance in effect immediately before publication of this notice (“previous guidance”. Owners and importers importing dogs from high-risk countries will still be required to have a valid rabies vaccination certificate for the dogs to enter the United States. This clarification in guidance will reduce the burden to import dogs into the United States from CRVV-free and low-risk countries, and it is anticipated that the costs to import dogs and inspect dogs at ports of entry (POEs) will be reduced. In addition, HHS/CDC expects that considerably fewer Permits to Import a Dog Inadequately Immunized against Rabies (OMB No. 0920-0134) 2] will be sought and issued and that the costs of confinement, as required by the permits, will be reduced. These benefits (reduced costs) are estimated relative to the baseline in which the HHS/CDC guidance is not clarified. The new guidance may slightly increase the probability that a dog infected with CRVV would be imported into the United States from a CRVV-free or low-risk country and that an imported dog could expose U. persons or animals and trigger a public health response with associated costs. However, HHS/CDC believes that there is a very small risk of importation of a rabies-infected dog from a country that is either CRVV-free or classified as low-risk under the new guidance. CRVV-free countries do not have CRVV circulating by definition. Mexico is considered a low-risk country and has only reported 11 dogs with CRVV during 2015 and 2016, the two most recent years with available data. Only three dogs with CRVV were identified in Mexico in the most recent year, 2016. 3] In addition, HHS/CDC believes that the potentially increased risk of rabies importation from a CRVV-free or low-risk country may be offset by the ability of DHS/CBP officers and HHS/CDC staff to better focus efforts on reducing the risk of rabies-infected dogs being imported from CRRV high-risk countries. Among dogs from high-risk countries, the CRVV incidence rate may approach 2 dogs per 1, 000 per year in countries with low rabies vaccination coverage. 4] During the past 15 years, six CRVV-infected dogs were imported into the United States. All of these imports were from countries where CRVV, at the time, was widely circulating. 5] 6] 7] 8] 9] which would be considered high-risk under this new guidance. Baseline Under the Previous Guidance When dogs enter the United States from terrestrial rabies virus-free countries or with proof of immunization, such dogs are not routinely tracked in any data systems. With limited data available on dog importations, estimating both the baseline and the change relative to the baseline is difficult. HHS/CDC estimates that about 1. 06 million dogs (Table 1) enter the United States each year including 700, 000 arriving at airports and 360, 000 arriving at land border POEs with Canada and Mexico. In total, 795, 492 imported dogs (75% of all imported dogs) are estimated to arrive from CRRV-free or low-risk countries. The remaining 269, 303 dogs are from high-risk countries (108, 303) or from terrestrial rabies virus-free countries (161, 000. Dogs from terrestrial rabies virus-free countries would not require valid rabies vaccination certificates under either the previous or new guidance. For additional details, refer to Section 2 of the supplemental appendix. Under the previous guidance (baseline) each dog would be screened at U. DHS/CBP field officers at U. POEs would review rabies immunization documents, review permits for unimmunized dogs, issue dog confinement agreements for dogs allowed to enter the United States without documentation of vaccination Start Printed Page 727 or permits, and may deny entry for dogs from CRVV-free, low-risk or high-risk countries. Specifically, HHS/CDC estimated that, each year: 791, 301 dogs (99. 5% of the total from CRVV-free or low-risk countries) enter the United States with rabies immunization certificates. ○ For each dog, DHS/CBP field officers have reported that either 1 or 2 officers spend about 8 minutes to screen each dog of which 3-4 minutes per dog are spent reviewing the rabies immunization certificate and verifying documentation with other agency/official when needed. For more detail on the baseline cost calculations refer to Tables A7a-b, A8a-b, A13, and A14 of the supplemental appendix. 2, 492 dogs enter the United States with HHS/CDC-issued permits for dogs from CRVV-free or low-risk countries. ○ For each permit, importers were estimated to spend 15-60 minutes to apply and HHS/CDC staff to spend about an hour for review and follow up. 1-2 DHS/CBP officers were estimated to spend 11 minutes per dog of which about 6 minutes are spent to review each permit at POEs. For more detail on the baseline cost calculations refer to Appendix Tables A7a-b, A8a-b, A13, A14, A16 and A17 of the supplemental appendix. ○ After entering the United States, importers were also assumed to spend time confining dogs and state or local health departments were assumed to spend time to contact importers to monitor confinement requirements. For more detail on the baseline cost calculations refer to Tables A11 and A20 of the supplemental appendix. 1, 378 dogs from CRVV-free and low-risk countries enter the U. with DHS/CBP-issued dog confinement agreements (DCAs. ○ 1-2 DHS/CBP officers were estimated to spend 26 minutes per dog of which 20 minutes are spent to issue DCAs at POEs inclusive of time to call HHS/CDC officers for technical support. Importers would also spend time to confine dogs and state/local health departments would follow up and monitor. For more detail on the baseline cost calculations refer to Appendix Tables A7a-b, A8a-b, A13, and A14 of the supplemental appendix. 322 dogs from CRVV-free and low-risk countries were denied entry at POEs because of lack of rabies immunization under the previous guidance. In addition to importers and DHS/CBP, the costs associated with denial of entry may also be incurred by airlines to transport dogs back to their country of origin. For more detail on the baseline cost calculations refer to Tables A9, A10, A13, and A14 of the supplemental appendix. Table 1—Estimated Average Annual Numbers of Dog Imports by Country and by Immunization Status Baseline estimate of dog imports Best estimate Lower bound b Upper bound c Airports a 700, 000 560, 000 840, 000 From rabies-free countries 161, 000 128, 800 193, 200 From CRVV-free countries 235, 900 188, 720 283, 080 Dogs with rabies vaccination certificates 234, 750 187, 800 281, 700 Dogs with unimmunized dog permits 920 736 1, 104 Dogs with DCAs 62 50 74 Dogs denied entry 168 134 202 From CRVV low-risk countries under new guidance 196, 000 128, 800 277, 200 Dogs with rabies vaccination certificates 195, 910 128, 728 277, 092 Dogs with DCAs 48 38 58 Dogs denied entry 42 34 50 From CRVV high-risk countries 107, 100 113, 680 86, 520 Dogs with rabies vaccination certificates 106, 634 113, 307 85, 961 Dogs with DCAs 12 10 14 Dogs denied entry 454 363 545 Land borders 364, 796 324, 036 405, 555 Canada-US land borders 122, 000 97, 600 146, 400 Dogs with rabies vaccination certificates 120, 344 96, 275 144, 413 Dogs from Canada, other CRVV-free or low-risk countries 119, 141 94, 350 143, 691 Dogs from high-risk countries 1, 203 1, 926 722 Dogs with unimmunized dog permits 1, 572 1, 258 1, 886 Dogs with DCAs 84 67 101 Dogs denied entry 0 0 0 Mexico-US land borders 242, 796 226, 436 259, 155 Dogs with rabies vaccination certificates 241, 500 225, 400 257, 600 Dogs with DCAs 1, 184 947 1, 420 Dogs denied entry 112 90 134 Total 1, 064, 796 884, 036 1, 245, 555 a DHS/CBP field staff provided estimates of the proportions of dogs from (1) rabies-free countries (23. 2) CRVV-free countries (34. 3) CRVV low-risk countries under the new guidance, including Mexico and Israel (28. and (4) CRVV high-risk countries (15% these countries are considered high-risk under both the previous and new guidance. b For the lower bound estimate, it was assumed that a larger proportion of dogs arrive from high-risk countries, which would result in less benefits (reduced costs) from the clarification in guidance. For the lower bound the following proportions are used: 3) CRVV low-risk countries under the new guidance, including Mexico and Israel (23. 4) CRVV high-risk countries (20. c For the upper bound estimate, it was assumed that a larger proportion of dogs arrive from countries that will be considered low-risk in the new guidance, which would result in more benefits (reduced costs) from the clarification in guidance. For the upper bound the following proportions are used: 3) CRVV low-risk countries under the new guidance, including Mexico and Israel (33. 4) high-risk countries (10. Start Printed Page 728 Estimated Costs and Benefits (Reduced Costs) Associated With Clarification in Guidance Under the new guidance, each dog would be screened at U. However, DHS/CBP field officers at U. POEs will no longer need to review rabies immunization documents, review permits for unimmunized dogs, issue dog confinement agreements for dogs allowed to enter the United States without rabies vaccination certificates or permits or deny entry for dogs from CRVV-free or low-risk countries (due to lack of valid rabies vaccination certificate) unless these dogs had traveled from a high-risk country to the CRVV-free or low-risk country within the previous six months. The range of estimated annualized benefits (reduced costs) associated with the clarification in guidance are about 2. 6 million to 11. 0 million, most likely estimate 6. 1 million (Table 2. The largest potential benefits (reduced costs) accrue to federal agencies (DHS/CBP and HHS/CDC) which would spend less time reviewing permit requests and reviewing immunization documents or permits at ports of entry (2. 0 million to 8. 3 million) per year. For more information on the model used to estimate costs and benefits (reduced costs) for DHS/CBP and HHS/CDC, refer to Sections 4 and 5 of the supplemental appendix. Importers/owners from CRVV-free or low-risk countries would spend less time applying for a Permit to Import a Dog Inadequately Immunized against Rabies (OMB No. 0920-0134) providing documentation at POEs, and confining dogs. As a result, they would save an estimated 470, 000 to 2. 3 million per year. For more information on the model used to estimate costs and benefits (reduced costs) for importer/owners, refer to Section 3 of the supplemental appendix. Potential state and local governments' benefits (reduced costs) will depend on the amount of effort spent enforcing dog confinement agreements after importation from CRVV-free countries or countries under the previous guidance that now will be classified as low-risk under the new guidance. With limited data on enforcement, state and local governments are estimated to save between 120, 000 and 350, 000 annually in reduced costs of monitoring confinement of unimmunized dogs. For more information on the model used to estimate benefits (reduced costs) for state and local health departments, refer to Section 6 of the supplemental appendix. Airlines would also have some benefits (reduced costs) associated with transporting dogs denied entry and abandoned by importers/owners or their agents. Refer to Table A9 in Section 3 of the supplemental appendix for additional details. The estimated costs associated with this clarification in guidance result from a one-time increase in DHS/CBP training costs during the first year of implementation (700, 000, range: 430, 000 to 2. 6 million. When annualized over a 10 year period with a 3% discount rate, this would correspond to 80, 000 (range: 49, 000 to 300, 000. More information is available in Appendix Table A15 of the supplemental appendix. Importers/owners, who bring dogs from high-risk countries, were estimated to spend more time at airport and land border POEs (3-10 minutes per dog for importers and 3-17 minutes per dog for CBP staff) because CBP staff reported that they would spend more time on dogs from high-risk countries. This additional time was estimated to correspond to an opportunity cost of 120, 000 to 480, 000 per year (Tables A7b and A8b of the supplemental appendix. Table 2—Summary Table [In 2017 dollars, over a 10-year time horizon] Category Most likely estimate Lower bound estimate Upper bound estimate Source citation Benefits: Annualized monetized benefit to importers/owners (3% discount rate) a 1, 478, 057 469, 678 2, 300, 409 RIA (Appendix Section 3. Annualized monetized benefit to airlines (3% discount rate) 22, 680 4, 536 61, 236 RIA (Appendix Section 3, Table A9. Annualized monetized benefit to DHS/CBP 4, 007, 188 1, 849, 245 7, 441, 556 RIA (Appendix Section 4. Annualized monetized benefit to HHS/CDC 391, 982 115, 893 829, 398 RIA (Appendix Section 5. Annualized monetized benefit to Sates and local PHDs 218, 511 116, 633 349, 479 RIA (Appendix Section 6. Total annualized monetized benefits (3% discount rate) 6, 118, 418 2, 555, 984 10, 982, 077 RIA. Annualized quantified, but unmonetized, benefits The estimated response costs estimate associated with a dog imported while infected with CRVV are 213, 833, range 171, 066 to 256, 599. If the additional time spent screening dogs from high-risk countries leads to a reduced risk of the importation of a dog with CRVV, future response costs may decrease. RIA (Appendix Sections 7 and 8. Costs: Annualized monetized costs to Importers/owners (3% discount rate) b 375, 450 121, 172 479, 487 RIA (Appendix Section 3, Tables A7b and A8b. Annualized monetized costs to DHS/CBP (3% discount rate) c 79, 154 49, 278 295, 666 RIA (Appendix Section 4, Table A15. Total annualized monetized costs (3% discount rate) 454, 604 170, 449 775, 053 RIA. Start Printed Page 729 Annual quantified, but unmonetized, costs The estimated response costs estimate associated with a dog imported while infected with CRVV are 213, 833, range 171, 066 to 256, 599. If eliminating the rabies vaccine certificate requirement for dogs from CRVV-free or low-risk countries leads to an increased risk of the importation of a dog with CRVV, future response costs may increase. RIA (Appendix Section 7. Qualitative (unquantified costs) State and local governments may have to increase efforts to educate their populations about dog vaccination requirements in the absence of the HHS/CDC requirement for rabies vaccination certificates for dogs to enter from CRVV-free or low-risk countries under the previous guidance. NA. Notes: a Importers/owners who bring dogs from CRVV-free or low-risk countries. b Importers/owners who bring dogs from high-risk countries. c Costs for DHS/CBP training is one-time costs during the first year of implementation. Over a 10-year time horizon, the total benefits (reduced costs) associated with this clarification in guidance depend on the discount rate selected (3% to value future benefits (reduced costs. The 10-year time horizon was chosen because countries may become CRVV-free or revert to being high-risk over time. Because limited data exist to estimate the number of dogs imported to the United States at present, HHS/CDC did not attempt to project future dog imports, but instead applied estimates of imported dogs in 2017 to future years. If the number of imported dogs would instead increase in future years, the benefits (reduced costs) from this clarification in guidance would be underestimated. The most likely estimate of the present value of the 10-year benefits (reduced costs) is 52. 2 million at a 3% discount rate (Table 3. The lower bound estimate is 21. 8 million and the upper bound estimate is 93. 7 million. In comparison, the 10-year costs are estimated at 3. 9 million, range 1. 5 million to 6. 6 million. The 10-year net benefits ( i. e., benefits − costs) are estimated at 48. 3 million, range (20. 3 million to 87. 1 million. Table 3—Present Value Summary Table [In million 2017 dollars, over a 10-year time horizon, 3% discount rate] Most likely estimate Lower bound Upper bound Present value of cost savings: Importers/owners a 12. 6 4. 0 19. 6 Airlines 0. 2 0. 04 0. 5 DHS/CBP 34. 2 15. 8 63. 5 HHS/CDC 3. 3 1. 0 7. 1 States and local health departments 1. 9 1. 0 3. 0 Total (A) 52. 2 21. 8 93. 7 Present value of costs: Importers/owners b 3. 2 1. 0 4. 1 DHS/CBP c 0. 7 0. 4 2. 5 Total (B) 3. 5 6. 6 Present value of net cost savings: Total (A) − (B) 48. 3 20. 3 87. 1 Notes: a Importers/owners who bring dogs from CRVV-free or low-risk countries. c Costs for DHS/CBP training is a one-time cost during the first year of implementation. Comparison of Costs and Benefits As discussed above, HHS/CDC believes the risk of an importation of a dog with CRVV from a country defined as low-risk under the new guidance is extremely low. As noted previously, during the past 15 years, six CRVV-infected dogs were imported into the United States and all of these imports were from high-risk countries. HHS/CDC notes that if dogs travel from a high-risk country to a CRVV-free or low-risk country within six months of U. entry, the dogs would still have to present a certificate of rabies vaccination at entry. State and local governments would face the greatest Start Printed Page 730 costs to mount responses in the event of an importation of a dog with CRVV. In addition, individuals or their insurance companies may face costs associated with post-exposure prophylaxis if they are exposed to the imported dog. A threshold analysis was performed to compare the potential annualized costs and benefits of the clarification to the guidance to the potential cost of an importation of a dog with CRVV. To perform the threshold analysis, HHS/CDC compared the most likely estimate, lower bound, and upper bound of the annual net benefits (reduced costs) of the new guidance to the potential costs of an importation and calculated the annual risk of importation necessary for costs to equal benefits (reduced costs. HHS/CDC rabies subject matter experts estimate that the public health response would require about 800 hours per event for investigation, providing post-exposure prophylaxis to about 16 people exposed to the infected dog after importation, and addressing 30 animal exposures per importation. The net benefits (reduced costs) estimate can be compared to the estimated response costs associated with a dog imported while infected with CRVV (213, 833, range 171, 066 to 256, 599. See Section 7 of the supplemental appendix for additional details on this cost estimate. This response cost does not include the small risk that a person could die after becoming infected with the rabies virus in the absence of receiving post-exposure prophylaxis. Although U. residents have died after exposure to rabid dogs in other countries, no such deaths have resulted from exposures to U. dogs since CRVV was eliminated in the United States in 2007. The probability of such a death cannot be quantified, but is expected to be very low under either scenario. Expected net benefits (reduced costs) would exceed the potential costs associated with the importation of a dog with CRVV if fewer than 26 dogs per year with CRVV are imported from countries classified as CRVV-free or low-risk under the new guidance using the most likely estimates. In the worst case scenario, the lower bound estimate of annualized benefits (reduced costs, 2. 6 million) minus the upper bound estimate of annualized costs (780, 000) results in an annualized net benefit of about 1. 8 million. This worst case annualized net benefit can be compared to the upper bound cost estimate associated with the importation of a dog with CRVV (256, 599 per event) to estimate a worst case scenario threshold (6. 9 dogs per year. This threshold analysis can be compared to surveillance data from Mexico, a country that is considered low-risk. Mexico only identified 11 dogs over the previous 2 years in which surveillance data were available. 10] Thus, even if all of the dogs found with CRVV in Mexico over the past two years had been imported to the United States, the response costs would have fallen under the threshold result. Even in the worst case scenario, it is extremely unlikely that costs will exceed benefits as a result of this clarification in guidance. As noted above, HHS/CDC also believes that any increased risk of importation from a CRVV-free or low-risk country may be offset by allowing DHS/CBP officers to spend more time evaluating dogs entering the United States from high-risk countries. DHS/CBP officers reported that they expected to increase the amount of time spent on dogs from high-risk countries by 3-17 minutes per dog under the new guidance. By refocusing screening effort at U. POEs from dogs from CRVV-free or low-risk countries to dogs from high-risk countries, the overall risk of importation of a dog with CRVV may be reduced. Possible Additional Activities by State or Local Governments As noted throughout this FRN, importers should continue to check with state and local government officials regarding requirements of the final destination prior to entry or re-entry into the United States; this new federal policy is not intended to invalidate or supersede such requirements. State and local governments may also have to increase efforts to educate their populations about their dog vaccination requirements in the absence of the HHS/CDC requirement for proof of rabies vaccination for dogs to enter from CRVV-free or low-risk countries under the previous guidance. However, HHS/CDC was not able to estimate any costs associated with these efforts. V. Paperwork Reduction Act This clarification does not institute a new collection of information. The collection of information, has been previously approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in accordance with the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act ( 44 U. 3507) and assigned the following OMB control number: Foreign Quarantine: OMB Control No. 0920-0134, expiration date 5/31/2019. Start Signature Dated: January 28, 2019. Sandra Cashman, Executive Secretary, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. End Signature [FR Doc. 2019-00506 Filed 1-30-19; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4163-18-P.

Not close to the original atmosphere and tempo,
very disappointed of the works of directors since American maRY
I SUGGEST to check the 70s version first. 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards » Edit Storyline What happens when you realize that to achieve your dreams you have to live a nightmare? Rose is a quiet, demure, unassuming woman in her looks and actions. Her dream is to become a famous designer in the fashion world, but a terrible accident leaves Rose scarred beyond recognition. She seeks out a radical untested stem cell treatment. The treatment is nothing short of a miracle and wallflower Rose turns into the belle of the ball. It all seems to good to be true. She is now everything she wanted to be. But everything in life comes at a price and this new found perfect life is no exception. Plot Summary, Add Synopsis Details Release Date: 13 December 2019 (USA) See more » Box Office Budget: 5, 000, 000 (estimated) See more on IMDbPro » Company Credits Technical Specs See full technical specs » Did You Know? Trivia Remake of David Cronenberg's second movie of the same title from 1977. See more » Goofs Dr. Keloid says the accident punctured Rose's abdomen, but the bandages are on her chest. See more » Connections Remake of Rabid (1977) See more ».

Why not. Drive off? Feel bad for the poor thing. Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. rabid (răb′ĭd) adj. 1. Of or affected by rabies. 2. Raging; uncontrollable: rabid thirst. 3. Extremely zealous or enthusiastic; fanatical: a rabid football fan. [Latin rabidus, from rabere, to rave. rabid′ity (rə-bĭd′ĭ-tē, ră. rab′idness (răb′ĭd-nĭs) n. rab′idly adv. rabid ( ˈræbɪd; ˈreɪ- adj 1. (Pathology) relating to or having rabies 2. zealous; fanatical; violent; raging [C17: from Latin rabidus frenzied, mad, from rabere to be mad] rabidity, ˈrabidness n ˈrabidly adv rab•id (ˈræb ɪd) adj. irrationally extreme in opinion or practice. furious or raging; violently intense. affected with or pertaining to rabies: a rabid dog. [1605–15. Latin rabidus raging, rabid < rabere to rave] rab•id•i•ty (rəˈbɪd ɪ ti, ræ- rab′id•ness, n. rab′id•ly, adv. rabid, rabies - Rabid and rabies come from Latin rabere, be mad. See also related terms for mad. Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Adj. rabid - of or infected by rabies 2. rabid - marked by excessive enthusiasm for and intense devotion to a cause or idea; rabid isolationist" passionate - having or expressing strong emotions rabid adjective 1. fanatical, extreme, irrational, fervent, zealous, bigoted, intolerant, narrow-minded, intemperate the rabid state media fanatical moderate, wishy-washy (informal) half-hearted 2. crazed, wild, violent, mad, raging, furious, frantic, frenzied, infuriated, berserk, maniacal The tablets gave him the look of a rabid dog. rabid adjective 1. Showing or having enthusiasm: 2. Holding especially political views that deviate drastically and fundamentally from conventional or traditional beliefs: 3. Full of or marked by extreme anger: Translations kiihkeä raivoisa raivokas turbat rabid [ˈræbɪd] adj [ dog, animal] → enragé (e. nationalist, racist, supporter] → enragé (e. nationalism, views] → fanatique rabid [ˈræbɪd] adj ( dog) → idrofobo/a, rabbioso/a ( fig. furious) → arrabbiato/a. fanatical) → fanatico/a rabid a. rabioso-a, rel. a la rabia o afectado por ella. rabid adj rabioso, que padece rabia.

Once the first sign of symptoms shows in, U bought the farm. Shoot urself coz death is imminent

Billy hasn't time to sleep, he is always un troubles

Peter: what about captain marvel MR FUR NICKY: DONT INVOKE HER N A M E. Oh baby, I feel so bad. Wait. Is he going to die right here. Thank you for sharing! I hope you all enjoy the film. We put a lot of love of the original into it. Poor things. Any animals any size should be put out of their misery immediately. It's awful. Poor souls. What to say about Rabid?
Frankly, I found it more comical than anything premise is pretty weak, not helped by an at times rather corny plot with often silly horror scenes.
On the upside, the acting is fine and does include appearances of well known Canadian actors.
Moderately watchable but by no means frightening or disturbing.
5/10 from me.

🤘🤘🤘🤘 Just got my son one of these ! Definitely a sweet piece of gear

How can you avoid the rabies virus? Vaccinate your pets, avoid animals displaying odd behavior, don't keep wild animals as pets, and avoid contact with wildlife, dead or alive. In the United States raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes are most likely to have rabies. In Africa, dogs are most likely to carry the virus. Visit the Global Alliance for Rabies Control for more information on the virus. WisdomWednesday.

That jump the squirrel did at first and the way he said “woah” has me laughing every time. I love the Soska sisters. American Mary was brilliant. That wasn't a fluke. They know what they're doing. But no one, absolutely no one can do Crononberg.
That being said, someone give the twisted twins a big budget affair. They deserve it. Wscieklosc free web site. Yeah! Fullmetal Alchemist is great. Rabid fox in her last hour video is 17 minutes and 43 seconds. What she needs is more botox 🙄. Wscieklosc free software. Wscieklosc free mobile. Wscieklosc freelance.

I've got Pepper Spray. Well I've got a gun in my pants...

Rabid Free gostream HD no registration directed by Jen Soska

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Bites door with malicious intent

Once the first sign of symptoms shows in, U bought the farm. Shoot urself coz death is imminent

Billy hasn't time to sleep, he is always un troubles

🤘🤘🤘🤘 Just got my son one of these ! Definitely a sweet piece of gear

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